OS: Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS
Docker: Docker version 25.0.3, build 4debf41

docker-compose.yml:

version: '3.5'

services:
  nginx:
    image: 'nginx:1.21-alpine'
    container_name: '${DOCKER_STACK}_nginx'
    restart: always
    working_dir: /var/www
    volumes:
      - './../:/var/www'
      - './docker/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf'
    networks:
      - default
      - web
  fpm:
    build:
      context: ./docker
      dockerfile: fpm-bullseye.dockerfile
    container_name: '${DOCKER_STACK}_fpm'
    extra_hosts:
      - "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"
    ports:
      - "9003:9003"
    restart: always
    working_dir: /var/www
    env_file: .env
    volumes:
      - './../:/var/www'
      - './docker/xdebug.ini:/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-xdebug.ini'
      - './docker/error_reporting.ini:/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/error_reporting.ini'
    networks:
      - default

xdebug.ini:

zend_extension=xdebug

[xdebug]
xdebug.mode=develop,debug
xdebug.client_host=host.docker.internal
xdebug.start_with_request=yes
xdebug.log=/tmp/xdebug.log
xdebug.log_level=10

error_reporting.ini:

error_reporting=E_ALL

nginx.conf:

server {
    listen      80;
    listen      [::]:80;
    root        /var/www/public;
    index       index.php index.html;

    gzip on;
    gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)";
    gzip_types application/json application/xml application/x-javascript application/javascript text/javascript text/css;
    gzip_vary on;

    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";

    client_max_body_size 4m;

    location = /favicon.ico {
        return 204;
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
    }

    location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpe?g|gif|ico|svg|woff|woff2)$ {
        expires 30d;
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
    }

    location / {

        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;

        location ~ \.php$ {
            include        fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_pass   fpm:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  PHP_VALUE  "expose_php=0
                memory_limit=128M
                post_max_size=16M
                upload_max_filesize=16M
                max_execution_time=60
                max_input_time=60
                log_errors=On
                error_log=/dev/stderr";
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
            fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $host;
        }
    }
}

Dockerfile:

FROM php:8.0.29-fpm-bullseye

RUN apt-get update -y && \
    apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends whiptail libtidy-dev apt-utils libicu-dev git gcc make autoconf libc-dev pkg-config libzip-dev
#    # Xdebug
RUN pecl install xdebug-3.2.2 && docker-php-ext-enable xdebug
    # Cleanup
RUN apt-get remove -y git && \
    apt-get autoremove -y && \
    apt-get clean && \
    rm -rf /etc/cron.*/* && \
    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*
    # Cron hack
RUN touch /tmp/run_scheduler