When I run the attached index.php script from command line or through nginx + php-fpm (and the debugger is attached to PhpStorm) the php process crashes.
This is the command I run and the output I get:

% PHP_IDE_CONFIG=serverName=test XDEBUG_SESSION=1 php index.php
works1 called
works2 called
Hello world!
zsh: segmentation fault (core dumped) PHP_IDE_CONFIG=serverName=test XDEBUG_SESSION=1 php index.php

I expected to get this output without any segfault:
works1 called
works2 called
Hello world!
breaks called

I'm not 100% sure that this is an xdebug issue, however, it works just fine if I disable xdebug. It looks like that after FFI has been initialized, xdebug crashes when __callStatic() is about to be executed. I'm not that familiar with C and gdb, so I have not investigated this much further, but please let me know if you need any additional information. Note that this fails on both PHP 8.1.4 and 8.1.5, but I couldn't select 8.1.5 from the list.